Although José Francisco Tafoya was born, raised, married and died in what is today the state of New Mexico, there were various political changes to the area during his lifetime. During the period 1521-1821 that area was part of the Nueva Extremadura region of the Virreinato de Nueva España. From 1821 to 1848 the western part pertained to the Estado de Nuevo México, República de México, while the eastern part was claimed by the Republic of Texas from 1836 to 1848. From 1848 to 1912 the area was constituted as the Territory of New Mexico, USA and from 1912 until the present it has been the state of New Mexico, USA.
In the 1860 US Census for Precinct 14, Rio Arriba, New Mexico Territory the family of José Francisco Tafoya was enumerated with the family of Pablo Vigil, as follows:
Dwelling #185; Family #185
Pablo Vigil, 26, M, Farmer, Real property $340, Personal property $54, b. Rio Arriba, N.M., Person over 20 years of age who cannot read & write
Simon Vigil, 2, M, b. Rio Arriba, N.M.
Rosalía Vigil, 3/12, F, b. Rio Arriba, N.M.
Francisco Tafoya, 60, M, Laborer, b. Rio Arriba, N.M., Person over 20 years of age who cannot read & write
Dolores Salas, 40, F, b. Taos, N.M., Person over 20 years of age who cannot read & write
Polona Tafoya, 20, F, b. Taos, N.M.
Ramona Tafoya, 9, F, b. Rio Arriba, N.M.
José Antonio Tafoya, 12, M, b. Rio Arriba, N.M.
Casimiro Fernández, 11, M, b. Rio Arriba, N.M.